Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement or other hydraulic cement,fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water, with or without additives that form a solid mass. Based on SNI 03-2847-2002, lightweight concrete is concrete containing light aggregate and has a unit weight of no more than 900 kg/m³. Coffee husk ash is produced from burning in a closed furnace at 600Ëš for 3 hours. This res…
Non-destructive test (NDT) method is preferred due to its benefits in evaluating or assessing the residual strength of structural elements of the building when the quality are questionable. Usually, this is caused by workmanship errors, additional loading plan and weathering of building materials due to age factor. In this study, hammer test, which was one of the NDT (non-destructive test) e…